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James Whittaker
James Whittaker (February 28, 1751 – July 20, 1787) was the second leader of the Shakers.
Whittaker was born in Oldham, England and became a weaver and a member of the artisan and merchant class.〔 He came to colonial America with Mother Ann Lee,〔James Matthew Morris; Andrea L. Kross. ''(Historical Dictionary of Utopianism )''. Scarecrow Press; 1 January 2004. ISBN 978-0-8108-4912-9. p. 327.〕 who was one of his relatives and raised him. Father Jaems Whittaker, Father William Lee (Ann's brother), and Mother Ann Lee had lived in Manchester, England and were known as the First Parents of the Shaker sect. Whittaker was a powerful orator who drew many people to the Shaker sect.〔Stephen J. Paterwic. ''(Historical Dictionary of the Shakers )''. Scarecrow Press; 11 August 2008. ISBN 978-0-8108-6255-5. p. 244.〕
He became leader following the death of Mother Ann Lee in September 1784. Under Whittaker’s lead, Shaker communities were formed in New England and the meetinghouse was built at Mount Lebanon in 1785.〔〔 Mount Lebanon would go on to become the center for all other Shaker communities, from Maine to Kentucky.〔James Matthew Morris; Andrea L. Kross. ''(Historical Dictionary of Utopianism )''. Scarecrow Press; 1 January 2004. ISBN 978-0-8108-4912-9. p. 211.〕
Whittaker had suffered from physical abuse and traveled a great deal for the sect. Having a premonition of his death, he chose to die at Enfield, Connecticut Shaker community. After James Whittaker’s death in 1787, the American Joseph Meacham, with whom he had a power struggle, became the next leader of the Shakers.〔〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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